CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
Goverment regulationss refers to use of ‘coercive power’ of the state to alter firms’ pricing, entry, production, investment, and product choice decisions. Goverment regulationss is the effects of ‘economic regulation’ of price and entry as well as environmental, health, safety, and information regulation. Goverment regulationss are effectively rules that define the bounds of legal behavior.
Like regulatory systems in general, the state may be more or less restrictive or permissive. How restrictive or permissive it is, depends on the extent and intensity of goverment regulationss. At the same time, the extent and intensity of goverment regulations may vary from one sphere of human behaviour and human social interaction to another. Thus, the extent and intensity of goverment regulationss may be located on a spectrum ranging from highly restrictive at one extreme to highly permissive at the other (Baldwin, Scott & Hood, 1998).
Irrespective of its extent and intensity, goverment regulations is a source of tensions and conflicts in society, because while some members of society may favour the existing extent and intensity of goverment regulations, others may favour its expansion either generally or in a particular sphere, and still others may favour its contraction, again either generally or in a particular sphere. For example, one British report distinguished five categories of voters. Depending on their attitudes towards economic and personal freedom, voters consisted of conservatives (who favoured economic freedom but wanted state regulation of personal freedom. socialists (who distrusted economic freedom but favoured personal freedom), authoritarians (who favoured neither economic nor personal freedom), libertarians (who favoured both economic and personal freedom), and centrists (who stood in the middle of the range on both economic and personal freedom).(Laffont, 1994)
Permissive goverment regulations is conducive to the autonomy (freedom) of the members of society and, hence, to self-regulation as well. However, it is not possible to determine in advance whether and how social actors will use their autonomy (freedom): while on the one hand they need not make full use of all the opportunities available to them, on the other they may show lack of self-restraint and take undue advantage of others. And while permissive goverment regulations is conducive to self-regulation, simultaneously it cannot dispense with it, albeit on condition that self-regulation is constrained by conventions, customs and traditions and does not endanger society’s cohesion and performance. (Priest, 1993)
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Restrictive goverment regulations, in contrast, circumscribes the autonomy (freedom) of the members of society and, hence, also self-regulation. Being extensive and intensive, it tends to have an adverse impact on flexibility, innovation, and efficiency; to increase the costs connected with rule-making, rule-application, and rule-adjudication; and to lessen respect for rules and contribute to covert and overt non-compliance on the part of the members of society. Moreover, when government regulation is extensive and intensive, rules are prone to be specific rather than general, to suffer from inconsistencies, and to breed uncertainty because, besides often creating confusion, they have to be frequently modified or changed in response to both changing conditions and contingencies.
Registration include processes of search, acceptance, and certification. High statutory fees are among the major factors affecting the establishment of new business in Nigeria, for example, the price of a trademark registration in Nigeria includes the filing fees and the professional fee of the legal council or agent handling such application. The official filing fee include the sum of N1.500 for search and N15, 000 for filing only. The total cost, including the professional fee for registering a trademark, may range between N105, 000 – to 175,000. Meanwhile, the above suggested total cost must include all the three essential stages of a trademark registration, which include search, acceptance, and certification.
Statement of the problem
LIST OF TABLES PAGES
Table 3.1 Sample Section – – – – 28
Table 4.1.1 Research Question one (Modified Questionnaire I) 31
Table 4.1.2 Research question Two (Modified Questionnaire II) 32
Table 4.1.3 Research Question Three Modified Questionnaire III)- 33
Table 4.1.4 Research Question Four Modified Questionnaire IV) 34
Table 4.2.1 A: Observed Frequency for Hypothesis One – – 35
Table 4.2.1 B: Expected Frequency for Hypothesis One – – 37
Table 4.2.1 C:Comparison of the Observed with
Expected Frequencies for Hypothesis One – – 37
Table 4.2.2 A: Observed Frequency for Hypothesis One – 39
Table 4.2.2 B: Expected Frequency for Hypothesis Two – 40
Table 4.2.1 C:Comparison of the Observed with Expected
Frequencies for Hypothesis Two – – – 41
Table 4.2.3 A: Observed Frequency for Hypothesis Three – – 42
Table 4.2.3 B: Expected Frequency for Hypothesis Two – – 44
Table 4.2.3 C:Comparison of the Observed with Expected
Frequencies for Hypothesis Three – – – 46
Table 4.2.4 A: Observed Frequency for Hypothesis Four – – 47
Table 4.2.4 B: Expected Frequency for Hypothesis Four – – 48
Table 4.2.4 C:Comparison of the Observed with Expected
Frequencies for Hypothesis Four – – 49
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES
Title page – – – – – – – – i
Approval page – – – – – – – ii
Certification – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgements – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – vi
List of Tables – – – – – – – vii
Table of Contents – – – – – – – viii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background to the study – – – – 1
- Statement of the problem – – – – 3
- Objectives of the study – – – – 4
- Research questions – – – – – 4
- Statement of Hypothesis – – – – 5
- Significance of the study – – – – 5
- Scope of the study – – – – – 6
- Limitations of the study – – – – 6
- Organization of the study – – – – 6
- Definition of terms – – – – – 7
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Conceptual framework – – – – – 8
2.1.1 Concept and meaning of Government regulations – – 8
2.1.2 The importance of Government regulations – – – 10
2.1.3 Tax regulation and organizational performance – – 12
2.1.4 Employees wage regulation and organizational performance 16
2.1.5 Workplace safety regulations and organizational performance 18
2.1.6 Environmental protection regulations and organizational
Performance – – – – – – – 19
2.2 Theoretical framework – – – – – 21
2.2.1 Theory of economic regulations by Laffont and Tirole (2000) 21
2.2.2 The enforcement theory of regulation by Djankon (2003) 22
2.3 Empirical Framework – – – – – – 23
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – 26
3.2 The population of the Study – – – – – 26
3.3 Sample and sampling technique – – – – 27
3.4 Sample size – – – – – – – 28
3.5 Instrumentation – – – – – – 28
3.6 Plan for data analysis – – – – – – 28
3.7 Problems of data collection – – – – – 30
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Analysis of research question – – – 31
4.1.1 Research question 1 – – – – – 31
4.1.2 Research question 2 – – – – – 32
4.1.3 Research question 3 – – – – – 33
4.1.4 Research question 4 – – – – – 34
4.2 Test of Hypotheses – – – – – 35
4.2.1 Test of hypothesis 1 – – – – – 35
4.2.2 Test of hypothesis 2 – – – – – 38
4.2.3 Test of hypothesis 3 – – – – – 42
4.2.4 Test of hypothesis 4 – – – – – 45
4.3 Discussion of Findings – – – – 49
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of finding – – – – – 51
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – 51
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – 52
References
Appendix I