Abstract:

Banks Recapitalization has been considered the way forward of ensuring developing countries Small and Medium Scale Enterprises compete with the outside world (developed countries). This study examines the effect of banks recapitalization on the performance of small and medium scale enterprise in Nigeria. Data were collected from the survey of -Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Uyo metropolis . The analysis was carried out with the use of panel method. It finds out that there is negative relationship between banks performance and recapitalization. The study concluded that management needs to considered recapitalization as a way of ensuring optimal utilization and performance Small and Medium Scale Enterprises for the purpose of competing with outside world economy.

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

Role they play in economic development and growth of the nation, much attention has been placed on financing of small and medium enterprises, since they are major contributors to the economy of Nigeria. These enterprises are drivers of the economy; therefore policy attention has to be given to them especially in developing economies because of their impact on many sectors of the economy. Their impact is felt in the following ways: Greater utilization of local raw materials, employment generation, encouragement of rural development, development of entrepreneurship, mobilization of local savings, linkages with bigger industries, provision of regional balance by spreading investments more evenly, provision of avenue for self employment and provision of opportunity for training managers and semi skilled workers.

In Nigeria, credit has been recognized as an essential tool for promoting small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs), hence the need for recapitalization of commercial banks in Nigeria. Bank recapitalization which was effective from 2006 is aimed at making Nigerian banks stronger and better in-order to finance all sectors of the economy including the major drivers of the economy-Small and Medium Scale Enterprises. About 70 percent of the population is engaged in the informal sector or in agricultural production. The Federal and State governments have recognized that for sustainable growth and development, the financial empowerment of the people is vital. If this growth strategy is adopted and the latent entrepreneurial capabilities of this large segment of the people is sufficiently stimulated and sustained, then positive multipliers will be felt throughout the economy.To give effect to these aspirations various policies have been instituted over time by the Federal Government to improve rural and urban enterprise production capabilities (Olaitan 2006)

The central Bank of Nigeria on July 6th 2004, announced the recapitalization of banking sector from N2 billion to N25 billion with effect from 1st January 2006. This was with a view to make the sector internationally competitive, sound and improves its ability to provide credit to all the productive sectors of the economy. In order to meet this obligation, banks recapitalization embarked on strategies of merger and acquisition, floating of new shares and so on. At the end of the exercise, 25 new banks emerged.It was hoped that the consolidation will make the banks stronger to be able to provide large amount of funds to productive sectors of the economy which is largely dominated by Small and Medium Enterprises, thereby making them grow into large firms with enough resources to contribute to the economic development.

Also, in December 2005, the CBN introduced new Micro-finance Policy (MFP) which was designed to be public and private sector driven.The purpose of the policy was to strengthen community banks in order for them to be able to grant collateral and non collateral loans to finance microeconomic activities in the economy. The policy also aims at providing many people with access to financial services who otherwise will have no access to these services. Small and Medium Enterprises as said earlier have a crucial role to play in the development of an economy, they are training grounds for local entrepreneurs, they encourage local savings and ensure equitable distribution of wealth thereby reducing rural- urban migration of human resources.To this end, government should collaborate with private sector in order to create an enabling and conducive environment for SME’S in order to contribute positively towards the development of the economy.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

 

Bank fraud, poor lending and credit management practices in the Nigerian banking sector forced the Central bank of Nigeria to revisit the capital structure of commercial banks recapitalization in Nigeria. These among other things led the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to give a directive that all banks should recapitalize from N2 billion to N25 billion with effect from 1st January 2006.This development led to various financial activities in the Nigerian financial sector with most banks initially opting for additional source of fund from the capital market via floating of shares. Notwithstanding, some banks were not capable of raising the new minimum capital by themselves, hence the need for mergers and consolidation of banks, reducing the total number of banks in Nigeria to twenty five (25).

However, the consolidation of the banking sector presented new challenges of banks recapitalization which require more efforts to control cost and increase their efficiency; this in turn has effect the volume of credit facilities granted to small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. A study conducted by Iloh et al (2012) reveals the gap between deposit money bank deposits (DMBD) and commercial bank lending to SMEs from year 2000 upward (the year that saw the end of merchant banks). There is a wide margin between the two variables and while deposit money bank deposits rose very high, commercial bank lending to SMEs declined from 2004 to 2010. The gap between commercial bank deposits and its lending to SMEs reveals the shift in focus from lending to SMEs to lending to major investors (customers). It is in this light that this study investigates the effect of bank recapitalization on the performance of small and medium scale enterprise in Nigeria.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The primary objective of the study is to examine the effects of banks recapitalization on small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:   

1. To determine the relationship between Commercial Banks and the performance Small Business Entrepreneurs in Nigeria.   
2. To determine whether bank recapitalization led to increase in performance of small and medium scale enterprise in Nigeria.   
3. To examine the challenges of  bank recapitalization on the performance of small and medium scale enterprise in Nigeria.

1.4    Research Question

The study sought to provide answers to the following research questions:

1. Is there any relationship between Commercial Banks and the performance Small Business Entrepreneurs in Nigeria?
2. Does bank recapitalization led to increase in performance of small and medium scale enterprise in Nigeria?
3. What is the challenges of  bank recapitalization on the performance of small and medium scale enterprise in Nigeria?

1.5    Research Hypothesis

The following hypotheses were raised for this research;

1. There is no significant relationship between Commercial Banks and the performance Small Business Entrepreneurs in Nigeria.
2. bank recapitalization does not significantly increase in performance of small and medium scale enterprise in Nigeria.
3. There is no significant challenges of  bank recapitalization on the performance of small and medium scale enterprise in Nigeria.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of Contents

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

• Background to the study
• Statement of the Problem
• Research questions
• The Objectives of the Study
• Significance of the Study
• Scope of the Study
• Operational Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Review of Related Literature
2.2 Empirical Studies
2.3 Theoretical Framework

2.4 Review of Relevant concept
2.5 Summary of the literature

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Population of the Study

3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques

3.4 Research Instrument

3.5 Validation of the Research Instrument

3.6 Reliability of the Research Instrument

3.7 Research Procedure

3.8 Methods of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1 Data presentation and analysis

4.2 Testing of hypothesis

4.3 Discussion of finding

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summary of Study

5.3 Summary of Major Findings

5.4 Recommendations

5.5 Limitation of the Study

5.6 Suggestions for Future Research

            References

            Appendix

List of the Tables       

4.1 Analysis of Research Questionnaire Administered            

4.1 Distribution of Respondents by Sex

4.2 Age Distribution

4.3 Marital Status Distribution

4.4 Educational Qualification Distribution

4.5 Years of Service Distribution

4.6 Research Question One

4.7 Research Question Two

4.8 Research Question three

4.9 Research Hypothesis One

4.10 Research Hypothesis Two

4.11 Research Hypothesis Three