Farm mechanization in Nepal started in the early 1970s by introducing four-wheeled tractors, followed by twowheeled tractors (also known as power tillers in South Asia). Rotavators, combine-harvesters, and threshers soon followed in the Terai and Inner Terai districts (Biggs et al., 2011;Gauchan and Shrestha, 2017;Justice and Biggs, 2013). Inclusion of non-animal or human farm power sources in Nepal’s hills is challenging due to rugged topography, the heavy weight of machines, and the need to transport them up and down terraces and between fragmented farm plots and villages Tiwari et al., 2004). …… The importance of scale-appropriate farm mechanization (e.g., use of mechanized farming implements appropriate to the limited land sizes and resource endowments of smallholder farmers (cf. Krupnik et al., 2013)for agricultural development was only realized more fully when the 207 Government of Nepal developed a farm mechanization policy and the subsequent Agricultural Development Strategy for 2015-2035, with the provision of subsidies for select farm machines (ADS, 2015;Gauchan and Shrestha, 2017;Paudel et al., 2019b). These developments stimulated the commercial availability of farm machines such as mini-tillers, rotavators, multi-crop planters, power tiller operated seeders, zero-till drills, and rice transplanters, in addition to multi-crop reapers and combine-harvesters and threshers. …… ),Ba et al. (2019),Biggs et al. (2011),Bossavie and Denisova (2018),CSISA (2017CSISA ( , 2019CSISA ( , 2020,Gartaula et al. (2010),Gauchan and Shrestha (2017), Holmelin (2019), Justice and Biggs (2013), Mazvimavi and Twomlow (2009), Meemken and Bellemare (2019), Keil et al. (2016), Krupnik et al. (2013), Spangler and Christie (2020), Paudel et al. (2019a,b, 2020a,b,c), Shrestha (2013), Shiferaw et al. (2009), Thapa (2010), Tiwari et al. (2004), Van Loon et al. (2020) Agricultural risk management Loss and damage • Streamline settlement claim systems by integrating farmers’ institutions • Index-based insurance • Balance premium subsidy offsets with willingness to pay studies and refine policy support as needed Fisher et al. (2019), Budhathoki et al. (2019), Greatrex et al. (2015), Ghimire et al. (2016a,b), Timsina et al. (2018a)
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Delimitations of the Study
1.7 Limitation of the study
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Review of Related Literature
2.2 Empirical Studies
2.3 Theoretical Framework
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Area of the Study
3.3 Research Design
3.4 Population of the Study
3.5 Sample and Sampling Technique
3.6 Research Instrument
3.7 Validation of the Instrument
3.8 Data Collection Technique
3.9 Data Analysis Technique
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS
AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data Presentation
4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary of Findings
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendations
5.5 Suggestions for Further Research
References
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