CHAPTER ONE: 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Teaching and learning is a process that includes many variables. These variables interact as learners work toward their goals and incorporate new knowledge, behaviours, and skills that add to their range of learning experiences. In order to have a describable change in the learner, good teaching and learning must take place and to bring about good teaching, the teacher should be able to convey their message in the simplest, most convincing and practical way to the learner using available teaching and learning resources. These available teaching and learning resources are the instructional materials used in teaching and learning. The instructional to make teaching and learning easy and practical for the learners to understand the subject. These objects according to Umoh-Mac and Nkume (1998) are regarded as instructional materials. They enhance real and meaningful teaching and learning. Appropriate instructional materials are imperative for implementing good quality education programmes.

Unless adequate and quantity facilities and superlative human resources are available, quality of the programme will be reduced and learning-will be deterred Material for teaching and learning business subject range from the common textbooks to more sophisticated machines, chalkboards real ,objects or their representatives which the teacher use to communicate effectively with the students. These teaching and learning materials make learning more permanent and develop continuity of thought among the learner. Teaching and learning materials and aids for the acquisition of required skill for business Education should be on regular supply to school where Business Education subject are taught.According to Umoh-Mac Nkume (1998) many researches on the availability of available resource carried out in Nigeria, in schools offering Business Education programme often revealed the presence of inadequate training facilities in the schools.

They further stressed that even the few available teaching and learning are not being maintained. There is a poor storage facility for them and so they become non-functional. Obi and Akume (2001) warned that any school that desire to offer modern Business Education programme must include in its programme, a thorough training in the use of the teaching and learning appliances.  Also to give such training the school must be equipped with teaching and learning appliances with which it intend to give instructions. To take the point further, they stated that for the teaching process to effectively taken place generally, both human and materials resources need to be provided adequately. No matter how good the teaching staff are, they may not be able to function effectively and effectively without appropriate teaching and learning materials, equipment and adequate infrastructural, like workshop, conducive classrooms and laboratories, especially when is over loaded with lesson and practical courses.

1.1      Background of the study

Learning can be considered as change that is permanent in nature because change is brought into students by a teacher through techniques like developing specific skills and the use of teaching and learning materials, changing some attitudes, or understanding specific scientific law operating behind a learning environment (Sequeira, 2012). However, in order to be an active learner in higher education, adequate teaching and learning material be used, each student expects to be treated as an adult learner who has some right over the learning ambience in the form of asking questions and clearing of doubts (Michael, and Modell, 2003). That is, students expect to have ownership over the learning session (Mitra, 2008; Pond & Rehan, 1997). Moreover, students also want their instructor to be cooperative and humorous who would teach clearly and usually use relevant teaching and learning materials to give examples so that the course material being taught becomes easy to understand, which I think is increasingly being required in classrooms today (Becker et al., 1990).

A well-planned programme, they say, will fail if at implementation stage the necessary teaching and learning instruments are not supplied.  The world at large is going technological and if Nigeria schools must keep abreast with the global technological advancement than the training must be borne in mind and teaching and learning equipment are adequate supply, proper maintenance and judicious usage of the teaching and learning materials. The question to ask is, who provides these resources materials to schools? Eze (1991) in his contribution, opines that teaching and learning materials produced commercially play a key role in functional education in our schools that when these are understand, our next alternative is in improvisation, provide the improvised equally delivers the goods. Fortunately, some sources of improvisation are available where around us by nature. Human re-arrangement of nature only requires our initiative and creative to tap them fully towards the attainment and mastery of some skills. 

1.2      STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Inspire of the federal government emphasis on self-reliance through acquired, still suffers some defects such as inadequate supply or provision of resource materials, poor maintenance and storage of existing ones. Oren (1998) observed that, being a skill-oriented subject, Business Education requires the use of machine and other equipment for effective teaching to take place. It is therefore expected that the federal government through the ministries of education federal, state and local government will see to the provision or availability of theses necessary resources for teaching and learning of these requirement skills. According to Oyedele (1995) citied in Atakps (2001) Nigeria children and youths are being educated more in accordance with yesterday’s world rather than in preparation for tomorrow’s living. This is in agreement with what Umoh-Mac and Nkume (op. cit) said about the obsolete equipment found in Nigeria schools.  Emphasizing the need for the provision of teaching and learning materials in schools, Obi and Akume opine that, Business Education subject being a skilled area of study cannot be learnt by the student sitting and folding their arms and nodding their heads. To give this training, the schools must be equipped with the necessary teaching and learning materials on which it intends to give, but rather it appears that most school that offer Business Education subject are not adequately equipped for the teaching and learning. Resource for materials are means of making teaching and learning process easy, more meaningful and understandable, Uzoegwu (2001). These materials are not just textbooks, but it include machine, chalkboard and real objects instructional aides on the other hands are those that teacher prepare mainly to help him/her pass on the message easier and more effectively. They include cardboard drawings, real objects brought into the class for learners to physically see and touch (visual aids).With the foregoing, the aim or purpose of study is to evaluate the availability functionality and utilization of resource materials use for teaching and learning Business Education subjects in Enugu North Local Government

1.3      OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of the study is to determine the availability, functionality and utilization of available resources for teaching and learning of Business subjects in Enugu north Local Government Area of Enugu State.

Specifically, the study of determines:

1.   The available resources for teaching and learning Business Education subject in Secondary Schools in Enugu North Local Government Area.

2.    To find out the extent to which the available teaching and learning resources are functional.

3.   The extent of utilization of the available teaching and learning resources by Business Education Teachers

1.4      RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher; 

H0:  There are no available resources for teaching and learning Business Education subject in Secondary Schools in Enugu North Local Government Area

H1: There are available resources for teaching and learning Business Education subject in Secondary Schools in Enugu North Local Government Area

H02:  there is no extent to which the available teaching and learning resources are functional

H2: there is extent to which the available teaching and learning resources are functional

1.5      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study strives to find out the extent to which resource are supplied, managed and utilized in secondary schools in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State. The finding of this study will enable students and teachers to identify the problem(s) which the total lacks or inadequate supply of resources bring on the teaching and learning process. The presence of resource materials in the teaching and learning process makes learning more practical and more understandable to the student. Resource materials reduce from the teacher the burden of explaining for a very long time for the student to understand. The study will also give the teacher insight into what is needed in order to manage or utilized the available resource to enhance effective teaching.This study further intended to sensitize curriculum planners and implementations and educational policy maker on the need to put more emphasis on utilization and improvisation of resource materials. Finally, since the study encourages the use of resource materials for more practical teaching and learning process, the graduate of Business Education like other areas will be people who are well prepared for their job performance and this will ease the employer’s problem of on-job training of workers thus enhancing production.

1.6      SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers evaluation of available resources for the teaching and learning of business education in secondary schools. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;

 a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study   

b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.

c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities.  

1.7      DEFINITION OF TERMS

RESOURCES: a stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively

LEARNING: Learning is the process of acquiring new, or modifying existing, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences.

BUSINESS EDUCATION: Business education involves teaching students the fundamentals, theories, and processes of business. Education in this field occurs at several levels, including secondary education and higher education or university education.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study Share Tweet Share Share Email