INTRODUCTION
COVID-19, which began in China in 2019, was linked to a novel Coronavirus that was named SARS-CoV-2 Zhu (2020). It is pertinent to note that “the new strain of coronavirus had not been previously identified in humans and the disease associated with it has been dubbed Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) by the WHO Bawazir (2020).
Given the rapid spread of COVID-19, countries across the World have adopted several public health measures intended to prevent its spread, including social distancing Fong (2020). As part of social distancing, businesses, schools, community centres, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been required to close down, mass gatherings have been prohibited, and lockdown measures have been imposed in many countries, allowing travel only for essential needs. The goal is that through social distancing, countries will be able to “flatten the curve”, that is, reduce the number of new cases related to COVID-19 from one day to the next in order to have exponential growth and hence reduce pressure on medical services (John Hopkins University, 2020).
The spread of COVID-19 is expected to result in a considerable slowdown of economic activities. According to an early forecast of the International Monetary Fund (2020), the global economy would contract by about 3 percent in 2020. The contraction is expected to be of far greater magnitude than that of the 2008-2009 Global Financial Crisis. However, in its latest update (June 2020), the International Monetary Fund (2020) revised the forecast to 4.9 percent contraction in 2020. The report cites the following reasons for the updated forecast: (i) greater persistence in social distancing activities; (ii) lower activity during lockdowns; (iii) steeper decline in productivity amongst firms which have opened up for business; and (iv) greater uncertainty. The economic implications will be wide-ranging and uncertain, with different effects on the labor markets, production supply chains, financial markets, and the World economy. The negative economic effects may vary by the stringency of the social distancing measures (e.g., lockdowns and related policies), its length of implementation, and the degree of compliance. In addition, the pandemic and the government intervention may lead to mental health distress, increased economic inequality, and affect some socio-demographic groups particularly adversely.
COVID-19 first human cases of the disease caused by the novel coronavirus was reported by officials in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. Retrospective investigations by Chinese authorities have identified human cases with onset of symptoms in early December 2019. While some of the earliest known cases had a link to a wholesale food market in Wuhan, some did not. Many of the initial patients were either stall owners, market employees, or regular visitors to this market. Environmental samples taken from this market in December 2019 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, further suggesting that the market in Wuhan City was the source of this outbreak or played a role in the initial amplification of the outbreak. The market was closed on 1 January 2020.
SARS-CoV-2 was identified in early January and its genetic sequence shared publicly on 11-12 January. The full genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 from the early human cases and the sequences of many other virus isolated from human cases from China and all over the world since then show that SARS-CoV-2 has an ecological origin in bat populations. All available evidence to date suggests that the virus has a natural animal origin and is not a manipulated or constructed virus. Many researchers have been able to look at the genomic features of SARS-CoV-2 and have found that evidence does not support that SARS-CoV-2 is a laboratory construct. If it were a constructed virus, its genomic sequence would show a mix of known elements. This is not the case.
Statement of the Problem
The Nigeria economy is currently faced with serious economic challenges due to the spread of Covid-19. There is therefore urgent need for resuscitation and diversification of the economy. E-marketing contribute significantly to the economic growth and development of Nigeria. Dogarawa (2012) asserted that E-marketing, not only contributes significantly to improve the living standards and serve not only as a catalyst in the process of development, but also bring about substantial local capital formation and achieve high level of productivity and capability.
Covid-19 common symptom can be inform of fever, cold, cough, bone pain and breathing problems, and ultimately leading to pneumonia. Thus, the emphasis is on taking extensive precautions such as extensive hygiene protocol which is pertinent for survivaland protection of life can be done through physical distancing, self-isolation, virtual education on poorly ventilated rooms and compulsory stay at home.
COVID-19 has rapidly affected our day to day life, businesses, disrupted the world trade and movements. Identification of the disease at an early stage is vital to control the spread of the virus because it very rapidly spreads from person to person. Most of the countries have slowed down their manufacturing of the products.The various industries and sectors are affected by the cause of this disease; these include the pharmaceuticals industry, solar power sector, tourism, Information and electronics industry. This virus creates significant knock-on effects on the daily life of citizens, as well as about the global economy.
Enterprises with the above problems may likely to experience low sales turnover and market share which will ultimately result in low profitability. It is on the basis of these issues that the study intends to examine the effect of covid-19 safetyprotocol on the development of e-marketing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
Tittle Page – – – – – – – i
Approval Page – – – – – – ii
Certification – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgements – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – vi
List of Tables – – – – – – vii
Table of Contents – – – – – – ix-xi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study – – – – – 1 – 2
1.2 Statement of the problem – – – – – 3
1.3 Objectives of the study – – – – – 4
1.4 Research questions – – – – – – 4
1.5 Statement of hypotheses – – – – – 5
1.6 Significance of the study – – – – – 5
1.7 Scope of the study – – – – – 5
1.8 Limitations of the study – – – – 6
1.9 Organization of the study – – – – – 6 – 7
1.10 Definition of terms – – – – – -7
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Conceptual Framework – – – – – – 8
2.1.1 Employee participation in decision making – – – – 8-11
2.1.2 Training and retraining of employees – – – – 11-13
2.1.3 Delegation of responsibilities – – – – – 14-16
2.1.4 Performance appraisal of employees – – – – 16-19
2.2 Theoretical Framework – – – – – – 19
2.2.1 Manpower development theory by Okotoni and Erero (2005)
2.3 Empirical Framework – – – – – – 20
2.3.1 Effect of training and development on
organizational productivity – – – – – – 20-21
2.3.2 The relationship between training and management
development on organizational productivity – – – 21-23
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – 26
3.2 The population of the Study – – – – – – 27
3.3 Sampling technique – – – – – – – 27-28
3.4 Sample size – – – – – – – – 28
3.5 Instrumentation – – – – – – – 29
3.6 Plans for data Analysis – – – – – – 29-31
3.7 Problems of data collection – – – – – – 31
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Analysis of research question – – – – – 32
4.1.1 Research question one – – – – – – – 32-33
4.1.2 Research question two – – – – – – 33-34
4.1.3 Research question three – – – – – – 35-36
4.1.4 Research question four – – – – – – 36-37
4.2 Test of Hypotheses – – – – – – – 37
4.2.1 Test of hypothesis one – – – – – – 37-40
4.2.2 Test of hypothesis two – – – – – – 41-44
4.2.3 Test of hypothesis three – – – – – – 45-48
4.2.4 Test of hypothesis four – – – – – – 49-52
4.3 Discussion of Findings – – – – – – 52-54
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of finding – – – – – – – 55
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – 56
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – – – 56-57
References
Appendix I
Appendix II